English Language And Global Identity English Language Essay

English Language And Global Identity English Language Essay With increasing popularity of English language as a second language it makes it a global language rather than a regional or a national language. The learning and use of English language also brings new identities along with it. This can be seen more comprehensively in the past two decades; as we can relate to global icons more than before, we have more global identities now. We can relate to English music, Hollywood movies, Global Icons, Heroes, Global brands etc. As Crystal (2000) stresses Language as the primary symbol of identity. When two persons of different nationalities or different origins meet; the first thing they bring together in the conversation is the use of a language which connects these two persons. Hence language is used as the bridge between two unknown persons for communication; giving them some type of identity and means to communicate. In recent years, English language has been used as a global language for communication between different nationalities hence increasing the importance and influence of English language. But the question arises if its possible to adopt a new identity without losing your original (or first) identity. A number of studies in the field of social psychology have shown that immigrants can feel emotionally attached to the new country without losing their attachment to their homeland (Harris 1980). In other words, in short term it might be possible to learn a new different language in isolation and without adopting new identity (or identities) related to that language or culture associated with it but in long term using this language with other people to communicate does bring changes in ones perceptions of identity and also brings new identities to an individual. According to a study by Goffman (1963) the personal identity is defined by how others identify us but not how we identify ourselves. Identity, language and second language learning The concept of identity is a rather loose one. This is evidenced by the fact that various dictionaries and articles seem to give different and slightly vague definitions. From the fact of being who or what a person or thing is (www.wordreference.com) to the state or fact of being the same on as described (www.dictionary.com), authors seem to struggle when trying to be precise with what elements constitute an identity. For that reason we particularly like a more open (but less vague) statement that defines an identity as the set of attributes describing (an aspect of) a person ( Koch 2002). This set of attributes tend to diverge depending on the specialized literature, and though is debatable whether or not a particular element constitute part of an identity, there seems to be a general agreement and understanding on the importance that a language has when giving form or description to a particular identity. It remains unclear if it is strictly necessary to be able speak a language (o r how deep is the knowledge of that language) to form an identity. According to (Love Ansaldo 2010) a native speaker is someone born and brought up from birth to speak a given language. A person is a native speaker if he/she is brought up in a family where the parents or other adults had the same experience with the same language during their upbringing. Hence, if you are a native speaker of a language that particular language is referred to as your mother tongue. However, these links between language and identity tend to refer to the mother languages and not so much about newly acquired ones. When it comes to second language learning, the effects of this language on the speakers identity depend on the reasons and level of assimilation of the language. According to the literature on Second Language Learning (SLL) (or Second Language Acquisition (SLA)), second language learners (L2) and foreign language learners have as main reasons for learning a second language family, profession, communication, personal interest and by requirements of an educational system. In addition, the variables age, language and personal engagement play an enormous role on the level of knowledge of a secondary language and to a certain extent to the way that it affects our identity (- Piller, -2002). Accordingly, if an individual is learning a language with motivation, that individual gets engaged in the process and perceives that knowledge as a benefit for the future, the level of assimilation of the language and its cultural background will have a deeper impact on his/her identity. On the contrary, if the reasons to learn a secondary language are imposed and are deemed as useless, that language will have a very limited impact on the personal identity. National Perspectives on learning English language as a second language India India is rich in languages.   There are 18 major languages spoken in India and over 1600 regional languages. Even though Hindi is the official  language. English has been with India since the early 1600s, when the East India Company started trading and English missionaries first began their efforts. A large number of Christian schools imparting an English education were set up by the early 1800s. The process of producing English-knowing bilinguals in India began with the Minute of 1835, which officially endorsed T.B. Macaulays goal of forming a class who may be interpreters between us and the millions whom we govern a class of persons, Indians in blood and colour, but English in taste, in opinion, in morals and in intellect (quoted in Kachru 1983, p. 22). English became the official and academic language of India by the early twentieth century. The rising of the nationalist movement in the 1920s brought some anti-English sentiment with it even though the movement itself used English as its medium. English is the second major language spoken in India and is used for much of the official business. It is the official language of the judiciary. Many people prefer to use English as a common language. A large percentage of people in India can speak and read English. English is also extensively used in education .The school education in the country is basically divided into two different categories. I.e. primary, secondary. Primary Consists from grade one to five, Secondary consists grade six to tenth. The school education available in three languages formats. One is state language format, another in national language format and English format. Choice depends on students. If choose State or National language format in school education, English start at secondary level. Choose English it starts from primary level. But graduation and after level it must be study in English. English is the most commonly used language of international commerce, politics, science, diplomacy, and the most commonly used language on the Internet. English is such a language having an international status and can provide the best medium to interact with outside world. India is a peace-loving country and wants to spread the same message to all countries of the world. We have to explain and convince friendly nations our point of view. Present Indian deal with export business   Ã‚  worldwide like software, textiles, chemicals, telecommunication hardware, food grains, iron and steel, consumer durables and electronics, Jewelers. To communicate with worldwide clients we require common language. In India is now seen as a major centre for software development. A significant number of international software companies have set up branches in India. English is the main language used in computing and Indian software engineers are proficient in English. My point of view, English is good language for communication to worldwide. A person who knows English is considered better educated. Such a person has a higher social status and may aspire for a better job. At present, most of students   Ã‚  taking English medium at primary level, but they are not studying state language and National language. English has changed Indian languages in many ways mostly through the incorporation of new words.   I would simply love to see all schools become English medium schools that teach the mother tongue as a compulsory second language. Pakistan The British ruled the Indian subcontinent (comprising of India, Pakistan, Bangladesh etc.) for almost two hundred years from 1756 1947. After the independence, the two newly formed countries inherited quite a few things from British Rule i.e. Army Structure, Train System, Governing Models, English Language, Civil Services etc. Pakistan adopted some of these things and one such thing is English Language. The country has two official languages: Urdu and English. Though Urdu is also the national language of the country; but it is English language which is substantially used in official communication at the Government level (also in Judiciary, the Legislature, and Civil Services etc.) The countrys constitution and its laws are written in English and the Legislature (National Assembly or/and The Senate) uses English language for amending existing laws or introducing any new laws. English is also extensively used in education. The school education in the country is basically divided into three different categories i.e. Primary, Middle, and High. Primary Consists from grade one to five, Middle from grades six to eight and High school consists of Grades nine and ten. The English language is compulsory at all three levels which mean that every student has to take an English language course for at least first ten years of his or her education. The education system especially in big cities is English based and every course is taught in English except Urdu Language course of course. The country also has another education system which runs in parallel to the Public education and often termed as Private Education (or Private Schools). Its education, curriculum and examination are mostly based on Cambridge International Examinations. The percentage of students going through this system is far less than the other system because of several reasons. But the general percep tion in the country about English language and Private education is thought to be Elite. English is also been used in businesses and corporations quite broadly. The private organizations especially multi nationals run their daily business based on English language. The products and services available for a consumer often give offers, ingredients, help in both English and Urdu. The mode of communication in offices at these workplaces is English. The policies, mission, vision, code of conduct etc developed by these organizations is often in English. Most of the times job interviews are conducted in English language and the candidates command over English language is one of the main factors being considered during the hiring process. When we look at the entertainment industry of the country; we find English very common there too. Cinemas show most of the newly released Hollywood movies and there is a big following of these movies; most of these cinema-goers are students, youth, middle class young families, working class in private sectors etc. New generation authors coming up with amazing pieces of art in English language Mohsin Hamid is one fine example with his The Reluctant Fundamentalist winning several awards including Anisfield -Wolf Book Award. The newly promoted English theatre industry has been growing pretty fast especially in the big cities like Lahore, Karachi, Islamabad, Multan etc. The cable T.V and internet has also played their part in this whole phenomenon. There are few English based local T.V channels and so many other channels air English programs on regular basis. Most of the youth are addicted to English (could be American, British, Australian By English I mean based on English language) T .V shows, movie channels, music etc. In our view, this growing influence of English language in Pakistani culture and identity has fruitful consequences as it makes the people learn and speak another language, be communicative with the outside world especially to remove wrong perceptions about the country and people of Pakistan and promote the positive aspects of the country. But this phenomenon also brings some tricky issues like diminishing use of Urdu language; perceptions about Urdu being language of poor and working class. We cannot deny the growing importance of English language especially in the last decade or so making it a global language but for Pakistan and its people presence of English language in different facets of life is a very positive sign as long as there is a healthy balance between the two official languages of the country. Bangladesh From the government point of view Bangla is the national- official language of Bangladesh and English is the most important foreign language. But in reality English is the second language of the country and in many places English is more important than Bangla in Bangladesh. Constitution: About the language of the country the Bangladeshi constitution clearly states: The state language of the Republic is [Bangla]. In the constitution nothing is mentioned about the status of English. English is not mentioned as a second language or official language. But many important government documents are written both in Bangla and English. The parliament proceedings are kept into these two languages. When a government body organizes a fair then often the souvenir is published in English. English in Law court in Bangladesh: After Independence the government took the initiative to implement Bangla language in law court. As a result, now the lower courts carry out their activities in Bangla but English is yet very influential in High Court and Supreme Court. If a lawyer wants to practice in Supreme Court then he must have a good command over English language. Many of the judges still give their verdicts in English language. It seems that this trend of using English will remain for the forcible future. English in Education sector in Bangladesh: Formal and institutionalized education system started in Bangladesh during the British rule. At that time Bangladesh was part of British India. There was a debate about the medium of education. Raja Rammohan Roy argued that the medium should be English rather than Sanskrit or Persian. During the British period the medium of education was largely in English. Calcutta University took an initiative in 1935 to introduce Bangla as a medium of education along with English. In Bangladesh the use of Bangla in college level started in the 1960s. Now students can answer in the examinations in Bangla or English. In the college level and university level after 1971 the government tried to patronize Bangla and implement it by replacing English in the education sector. In our general education system English has equal if not more importance than Bangla. In our education system English is really the Second language as all the students have to study it as a compulsory subject for twelve years. English and Administration: During the language movement the people of Bangladesh were afraid that if Urdu was established as the State Language of Pakistan then all the government activities will be carried out in Urdu and our people will suffer. As a result of the language movement, the Pakistani Regime kept on carrying out government activities in English language. After Bangladesh became independent the government of Awami League decided to replace English with Bangla in administrative works but after the death of Sheikh Mujib this process came to a halt and English continued to remain as the dominant language. It was during the rule of Ershad Bangla Procholon Aeen of 1987 was created and implemented. From that time English started to lose its significance in administration. However, it has to be mentioned that all the international communication of Bangladesh government is carried out through English. English in Economic activities: The economy of Bangladesh is dependent on foreign aids and export of some common items like readymade garments, jute, tea, fish etc and also we import a lot of things. Bangladesh is not self sufficient economically. Trading is more popular than production. Trading requires constant communication with foreign companies. Many of the companies who are involved in trading have to use English in dealing with foreigners. So it is clear that English is the dominant language in our economic activities. Comparison of English foreign languages like French, German, and Farsi: French and German have become very popular for economic reasons in our country. Learning these languages help us to increase our possibility to get a UN job. Learning French is also helpful for getting immigration to Canada. Also there are good facilities to learn these languages in Dhaka University, Alliance Francaise, and Goethe Institute. Recently, the English Institute of North South University has introduced French course. On the other hand during the Muslim reign Farsi was the language of the Royal administration and law court in Bangladesh. At present, a student can attend Farsi course for one semester by just paying tk. 250 in Iran Cultural Center but there are not many students who are interested to learn Farsi, French, and German. On the other hand, hundreds of students each year appear for TOEFL and IELTS exams in English language. From the discussion so far there is no doubt that English is the second language of Bangladesh but this reality is not reflected in our constitution. Officially Bangladesh is not known as an ESL country to the outside world. So Bangladesh should be declared as an ESL country by the government without any delay. We learn English not because we like Shakespeare or Dickens. We learn English from out of every day necessity. Ghana The Ghana perspective on language culture and identity. Several reasons account for the Ghanaian attitude towards the English Language and why English is learnt, widely spoken and thought in Schools in Ghana. Paramount among these factors is the multilingual nature of the Ghanaian populace and the vis a vis this has posed to national development. Ghana like many African countries is characterized by people with different ethnic backgrounds and for that matter different language. There are over 60 languages spoken by over 18 million people in Ghana (National Population Census of 2000), which connotes that at least one distinct language is spoken by every 300,000 people on average. The multilingualism nature of the Ghanaian population has come with several challenges with regards to defining a Ghanaian Identity and what makes a person a Ghanaian. Historically, the multilingualism had transpired as a result of various ethnic migrations from different empires on the African continent who settled in Ghana in the early 1200 AD. As a result of the ethnic differences there had been conflict over which ethnic origin dominates and has appropriate ownership to various lands and regions in Ghana. The influence of the multilingualism in Ghana on national development and national identity has created several debates and efforts from a section of Ghanaians at achieving and selecting one local language to be adopted as a national language for official communications in businesses, governmental proceedings, School administration, teaching and learning as well as for inter ethnic trade communications. However these efforts have been gravely thwarted by the Ghanaian perception of local languages and the influence of the English language as inherited from the Colonial masters. The premier constitution of Ghana known as The Gold Coast constitution made specific prerequisites for Elected Members of the legislative assembly to be able to speak and read the English language with a degree of proficiency sufficient to enable them to participate in proceedings of the assembly since such proceedings were totally conducted in English. However the 1992 version of the constitution has dropped this requirement. This clearly demonstrates the extent of prestige and significance that the Ghanaian community placed on the usage of the English language for official proceedings. Formal Education began with the influence of the European merchants and the Christian missionaries who invaded the then gold coast in the early 15th century.   Missionaries started building schools and educational centers   Ã‚  and used them as training grounds for their converts. During such trainings emphasis were laid on the learning of the English language than any local language at the time. As a result by the 1890s English was the sole language used for training in schools in the (McWilliam and Kwamena-Poh 1975) The British colonial rule of over a century (1821-1957), led to the establishment of English as the most prestigious and the only official language of the country, a privileged position that the colonial language has retained after independence as well, till the present day. The English Language is today employed in television and radio broadcasts, news papers, magazines, book publications, legal proceedings and documentation, and all forms of official proceedings. The peculiar prestige enjoyed by the English language is clearly evinced in the words of this Ghanaian journalist, who claims that: English [à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦] enjoys great prestige in the country as it is seen as a language of power and security. Competence in English gives one the power to exercise authority; t is a key to ones advancement in society. It enhances ones chances of getting a good job. A person who wants to feel secure learns English as it is one of the requirements for employment in many areas. (Saah, 1986: 370)6 Sweden For people growing up in Sweden, English is scheduled from the 4th grade until the second year of high school. This means that Swedes study English from the age of ten until seventeen. It adds up to a total of eight years of schooling in the English language. In addition to this many students also have the option to learn a third language for 5 years, from 7th grade to second year in high school. Learning two languages besides the mother tongue is the normal scenario for Swedish academics. The third language is most often German, French or Spanish although lately Italian has been introduced as a choice of third language as well. While the rigorous English education is mandatory in Swedish schools, it should be stated that the third language is optional. Little reflection is needed in order to understand the importance of a second language among Swedes. There are approximately nine million people living in Sweden and Swedish is not spoken to any greater extent in other countries. Due to this it is easy to see how the people in Sweden could benefit from speaking another language in order to communicate outside their national boundaries. The choice of English as a secondary language in Sweden is linked to the size of the language and its influence on the developing countries in a historical perspective. Even though it is clear that size alone was not a single deciding factor when establishing a second language for Sweden, it is obvious how it has been of importance. The Mandarin language has more than twice the speakers and Spanish is also spoken by more people than English. Further, Hindi and Arabic are just slightly smaller languages than English as it is the native tongue for large populations over the globe. However, even though th ese languages are larger or in the same size as English they have not been that useful to the Swedes. This has to do with the general development level of the societies where these languages are predominant. Take mandarin for instance, as China for a long time has been less developed than Europe and America the opportunities to do business with the country has been insignificant compared to the ones presented by countries within Europe and the US. The historical connection to America is also part of the explanation to why English is widely spoken among Swedes. In the ninetieth and twentieth century there was an extensive emigration from Europe to America. Due to harsh living conditions in the Scandinavian region during the time, more than 1,3 million Swedes packed their belongings on boats in order to sail over the north Atlantic ocean. Stories passed on from emigrants to their relatives left in Sweden led to a common perception of America as the prosperous land in the west among Sw edish inhabitants. This affected the general attitude towards the English language and gave people incentives to learn English in order to pursue happiness on the other side of the sea. This is an important event that laid the foundation for the English language in Sweden. Besides this Great Britain was an early developed nation as it was one of the first to become industrialized during the ninetieth century, an event that had huge impact on English in Sweden. In Sweden, comprehensive education is not the only driving force that has developed the English speaking skills among the population. Different media has also contributed in a great sense. As motion pictures from abroad (read Hollywood) seldom, with the exception of childrens movies, are dubbed, the Swedish audience is confronted with the English language each time they amuse themselves with a good film. Swedish television also shows a large number of English speaking shows and series. In fact most of the popular programs are from America or Great Britain. In Sweden all young people are familiar with Jay Leno, Dr. Phil, Top Gear and the various HBO productions such as Entourage, Sopranos and True Blood. When aired these broadcasts are never dubbed, instead Swedish text is provided in order to facilitate understanding. In addition to television and movies, other media such as music, games and the Internet predominately use the English language. The current development is a self fulfil ling prophecy. As more and more media is produced with English as the main language, users of this media adapt and become comfortable with using the language as a natural way of communicating. This is something that has formed the younger generations growing up in Sweden as they are confronted with the English language to a large extent in their daily lives when watching films, playing video games, browsing the Internet or listening to music. To verify the accuracy of the statements above one only has to go two generations back in time. Most grandparents in Sweden do not speak that good English and parents are not as fluent as the generation currently graduating. Similar it seems reasonable to believe that future kids and their grandchildren will be fluent in English, meaning they will be equipped with two native languages. Spain Spain, on the contrary, has the second language with more native speakers in the world divided into 44 countries. Spanish culture, language and religion, historically and forcefully spread into many countries, ensure that Spanish is not endangered and still allow Spaniards to communicate with a large part of the global population. In addition to that, a simple look into Spains recent history shows that after Spanish Civil war (1936-1939), the country fell into an almost 40-year dictatorship that ruled the country into a complete autocracy. For the first half of the dictatorship, Spain relied only on its own resources and remained closed to most of international relations. In the mid 60s due to a dire situation of Spain economics, the country was forced to open, allowing certain imports while exporting work force to Germany and France. Due to the importance and closeness of France, French started being taught in schools, even though it was usually aught for few years due to the short period of schooling that Spains population were used to. It wasnt until a few years after the restoration of democracy (1978) when the importance of English became obvious and the public school system started adding the teaching of English in public schools. However, the impact of English culture and language was so low, that the efforts to learn the language properly were never high resulting on a rather poor knowledge of the language in the general population. As in most countries that werent colonized by the British, the main sources of American/English culture into Spain were movies and series, however, differently from most countries those popular inputs were dubbed into Spanish, so the language (and especially the phonetics) have kept Englishs impact in the Spanish population to an almost absolute 0. Parents that wanted their kids to develop a better level of English would have to opt for specialized language academies, or participating in exchange programs or trips to native speaking countries. It wasnt until the late 90s, with the massive spreading of the Internet that English finally started made its impact on young Spanish population, however, English still remains as a good asset to find a job and some entertainment, but from apart from that, theres no general appeal for Spaniards to gain a high level in English use. The language is learned because it is a great tool to communicate with international people as they key for global communication, generally detached of the American/British cultural factor that surround the language, concentrating on its usability and potential audience formed by multicultural people. English and the sense of a Global Identity When it comes to specific L2, we find that the English Language has become the most important one by large in terms of geographical distribution of speakers. Though English is only the third language when it comes to native speakers (350 million against Spanish (358 million) and Mandarin (800 million)) (Ethnologue, 2009), if we add second-language speakers and those who learn the language as a foreign language, English, with 900 million speakers, rises to the second position only topped by Mandarin with 1151. However, since only 18% of the Mandarin speakers are non-Chinese speakers and 62% of the English speakers are not native-speakers (L2), and its spoken in more than 123 countries in the world, we can draw the conclusion that English has become the current de facto language of the world. Actually, English has become the current lingua franca of international business, science, technology and aviation (Ding Saunders 2006). A lingua franca, originally Italian for Frankish language, is a language systematically used to communicate between persons not sharing mother tongue, in particular when it is a third language, distinct from both persons mother tongues (Wikipedia   ). Hence, a lingua franca can be thought of as something as a bridge language between different nationalities. However it is not the purpose of this paper to study the historical reasons that have lead to the current situation. Due to the falling power and cultural influence of China in East Asia any aspiring Chinese businessman will learn English as it is already well established as the international business language (Ku Zussman 2010). As such English is incontestably the global lingua franca of the current era of globalization (Ding Saunders 2006). The reasons are various and originate from the colonialism of the British Empire to the standardization and spreading of American entertainment and IT industry. The IT revolution with new means for communication, emerging world markets, outsourcing of production to other countries, and common currencies such as the Euro are all contributing to the globalization of the world (Kilbourne 2002). If the industrialization characterized the 18th and 19th century of the western world, globalization is the trait of today. As such it marks a major turning point in human history as large parts of our daily life are affected to some extent. Activities such as reading the morning news in the wall street journal, taking your Asian ec

Cupcake Bouquet Marketing Plan Essay

Mission Cupcake Delight is dedicated to serve the market with its supreme and delightful varieties of cupcakes, pastries, and cakes featuring the Mindanao’s own fruit crops that will surely fit the palates and pockets of Filipinos. Vision Cupcake Delight, as a prime source of quality cupcakes in Davao City, envisions to continually serve the market with its finest products with virtuous customer service. It will strive to apply the total quality management in whole aspects of the organization in order to achieve the highest standards and expectations of the clienteles. Furthermore, Cupcake Delight will venture the desserts industry in the whole Philippines with its mission of delivering palatable and affordable products. Values Cupcake Delight is also designed to improve and enhance the values rooted from its creation. It believes that these values will be an essential part of its success. These include the areas of organization, human, society, economy, and politics. Organizational Values * Total quality management * Continuous innovation of the products * Integrity and priority of work and performance * Teamwork * Proper orientation to the customers Human Values * Safety and honesty of the workers * Freedom for initiative of employees * Development of skills of the bakers and employees * Career growth * Resourcefulness in every situation Social Values * Corporate social responsibility * Think green, do green * Respect for cultural diversity, minorities, and majorities Economic Values * Responsive to the trends in the economy * Harmony in the allocation of all forms of resources Political Values * Adherence of laws and policies * Appropriate use of freedom of expression * Advocate for peace and order Goals Cupcake Delight intends to be in the right direction and to keep on the right track. To accomplish this, it furnishes its goals for the company. * To introduce an innovation of cupcakes to the market and to advertise them effectively * To establish a connection, value, and loyalty to the customers * To promote the cupcake bouquet, Boucake, as one of the best gifts for any occasions II. TARGET MARKET The target market of Cupcake Delight feature product, Boucake, is the male. A total of 76% are willing to spend their money compared to the female with the total of 75%. There is a very little difference but it is great to target the males since they are the most appropriate customers who will spend their money to buy present for their significant others. Boucake is a supreme and delightful gift in this kind of romantic relationship. In addition, Boucake is not just limited as a gift for sweethearts but can also be a present for people celebrating special events in their lives. It is best for individuals celebrating their birthdays, commemorating their anniversaries, rejoicing their graduation, remembering special days like teacher, mother and father’s day, children’s party and among others. These occasions somewhat require gifts; the 75% female can be the customers for these. III. MARKETING NEEDS OR TRENDS The cupcake bouquet, Boucake, has a 79% demand in the market. The percentage of demand is based on the survey question whether the respondents are willing to spend their money to purchase the product. Out the 200 respondents, 158 answered yes. This demand can give anticipation that the product will be likely accepted by the market when introduced. A 79% is a good figure to start presenting a product that is something new to the market. Almost three fourths are willing to buy though roughly 47.5% have already seen a product in resemblance to the Boucake. Cupcakes are no longer different and new in the eyes and tastes of the customers but Boucake which is innovated from this common product has still a demand in the market. It can be furtherly explained because 81% is fond of eating sweets. Therefore, when Boucake is strategically introduced and advertised, the 79% market demand can equal the 81% of people who like sweets. Cupcake Stores are growing in the Davao Region. Recently, the Jonathan’s Cupcakery which has a shop at Arellano Street had its branch in the SM Lanang Premier where more people can notice its cupcakes. Sweet Aroma Bakeshoppe is also keep on expanding its branches at cities outside Davao. A group of students also entered the cupcake business just this year. It is evident that there is a trend in cupcake business. The challenge is how to make the product attractive and unique from others. These cupcake stores offer varieties of flavors and customization of designs. However, Boucake differentiates from these because of its feature and physique. This keeps up the Boucake with the current trend in the market. In addition, Boucake is not just for satisfying hunger but can also be a present for loved ones especially during special occasions. 93.5% stated that Boucake is a good gift for those special events. IV. SWOT ANALYSIS WEAKNESSES * new to the market, thus risky * no loyal customers yet * expensive compared to just buying a single cupcake * several competitors * short shelf life WEAKNESSES * new to the market, thus risky * no loyal customers yet * expensive compared to just buying a single cupcake * several competitors * short shelf life STRENGTHS * product’s newness and uniqueness * originality * best for gift-giving * suited alternative for flower bouquets * attractive and satisfying * large target market (teenagers, young adults, more in a romantic relationship at a very young age) * high-technology advertisements STRENGTHS * product’s newness and uniqueness * originality * best for gift-giving * suited alternative for flower bouquets * attractive and satisfying * large target market (teenagers, young adults, more in a romantic relationship at a very young age) * high-technology advertisements OPPORTUNITIES * expansion of branch and of products * more innovative products * partnership with related or substitute products OPPORTUNITIES * expansion of branch and of products * more innovative products * partnership with related or substitute products THREATS * famous or branded competitors might copy or imitate the product * failure or loss * overestimation of market demand THREATS * famous or branded competitors might copy or imitate the product * failure or loss * overestimation of market demand V. COMPETITION COMPETITIVE PROFILE MATRIX DIRECT COMPETITORS A. JONATHAN’S CUPCAKERY Product Jonathan’s Cupcakery offers different flavors of cupcakes from vanilla, chocolate, carrot, tiramisu, coffee, mocha, coconut mango, gingerose to pistachio. It also has various macarons, chip cookies, and curried chocolate and toasted coconut ice cream Place Jonathan’s Cupcakery has a shop located at Arellano Street. Customers can dine in to eat its cupcakes and other pastries. It also has a branch in the SM Lanang Premier where more people will be able to see its products. Promotion Jonathan’s Cupcakery promotes its product through Facebook page, uploading its menu, current and new products. It also joined in Davao Gourment Collective where it can expose its products to other class of market. It also offers customized cupcakes during Mother’s Day, Valentines, and other special occasions. Price The price of its cupcakes is quite expensive because of the special ingredients it incorporates to make the cupcakes more varied and special. Strengths It has a branch inside a mall; thus attracting more customers. It offers many variants of cupcakes which are not that known to the market making them interesting. Customization of its products is also being offered. Weaknesses It has strong competitors which are more famous and well known than them. Some of its products’ design is plain. B. SWEET AROMA BAKESHOPPE Product Sweet Aroma Bakeshoppe offers cupcakes with very cute and attractive designs and cakes with intricate and delicious appearance. Place Sweet Aroma Bakeshoppe has a main branch at Pichon Street fronting the Grand Men Seng Hotel where customers hotel can see its products. It has branches fronting San Pedro Hospital, Gaisano Mall, Gaisano Grand Mall of Tagum, and NCCC Mall of Tagum where are outside the region of Davao. Promotion It is promoting its products through its own website and own page at Facebook reaching people through online. Price The cupcake costs at P49 is quite expensive but reasonable since its design is so pleasing to the eyes as well as to the palate of the customers. The cakes are really expensive starting at P500 which are quite small in size. It also offers 7 cupcakes for P250. Strengths It has many branches where people can conveniently purchase its products not just in Davao Region. It is starting to expand and to make a name in the cupcake industry. The products are so good both in the eyes and tongues which encourage and motivate customers for buying them. Weaknesses Products are quite expensive which hesitate the customers from buying it. It is just starting thus competitors can still be the first choice of the customers. Its branch in Gaisano Mall does not have any flyers which might give extra information to the customers especially those who are interested to buy its products for special occasions. C. ROYAL BITES Product Royal Bites is offering flavors of cupcakes with very colorful designs. It also offers butter scotch, cookies, pastries, and customized cakes. Place Royal Bites is situated in Juna Subdivision, Matina, Davao City. Promotion Royal Bites promotes its products through Facebook, pictures, and word of mouth from the owners’ friends and customers. Price The price is reasonable for it meets the quality expected by the customers. Strengths Royal Bites doesn’t limit its products to cupcakes but also offer variants of cakes and pastries. The products are also appealing. Weaknesses The business is new to the market thus not all people know or notice its products. Competition can also be a hindrance for catering more people. INDIRECT COMPETITORS A. GOLDILOCKS Product Goldilocks offers cakes and rolls for birthdays, and any celebrations and occasions with different flavors and decorations. It also has cake which the customers can decorate with their own designs and likes. Pastries and pies are also available in its stores like mamon, hopia, egg pies, tarts, and macaroons. Goldilocks also has sweets like crinkles, cookies, pastillas, candies, chocolate bouquets and lollipops, polvoron, and popcorn. It also offers sarapinoy meals, pinoydeli, side dishes, and thirst quenchers. Place Goldilocks has numerous branches – stalls and shops inside and outside the malls. Its branches are scattered all over the islands of the Philippines. People can visibly see its goods almost everywhere; thus they are more encouraged to buy it. Promotion One of the most effective ways to promote Goldilocks products is to advertise it in national television since everyone has a chance of knowing their product offers both the new and old ones. It also uses high-end endorsers like Kris Aquino, Judy Ann Santos, and Dingdong Dantes. It also promotes its products particularly cakes through its program – decorate your own cake. Goldilocks goes green. It states, â€Å"Help us save the Earth by getting and bringing the Goldilocks brown bag whenever you buy their favorite Goldilocks products.† It also has discounts. Price Based on Mark Striving, Goldilocks uses Good-Better-Best. It is an intelligent pricing tactic that every firm should consider; it’s an extension of versioning that takes advantage of customers’ psychological make-up. People who are unsure what they want will usually buy the middle, or â€Å"Better† choice out of Good-Better-Best. Go back and read that sentence again: People who are unsure what they want will usually buy the middle or â€Å"Better† choice out of Good-Better-Best. So providing a middle choice is the crux of the good, better, best tactic. It has been shown that customers avoid â€Å"Best† because they are afraid of paying too much; it also shows that they are even more afraid of â€Å"Good† (the lowest choice) because they are afraid to purchase the lowest quality, and it may make them look cheap. So, when uncertain, they buy â€Å"Better†. This means, if company currently have two versions of offering, company should seriously consider adding a third with more features at a higher price (and feature level). This action will likely sway any of customers who were stuck between buying â€Å"Good† (the lowest) and â€Å"Better† (the middle), to choose â€Å"Better†. Companies will also likely sell some â€Å"Best† and at much higher profit than your other offerings. Overall, simply adding a â€Å"Better† option puts more profit dollars in pocket. Strengths Goldilocks has already established its name in the Philippines. It will be one in the options in every Filipinos when choosing cakes and pastries. It is well known and famous. The quality of its products especially the cakes is one of its edges. It has already been in the food industry for a long time; therefore it has the proper know-how and strategies to pursue whenever it can encounter problems and competitions. Weaknesses Health conscious individuals are quite a trend in the food industry. More people are watching their diet and how much calories and sugar they are in taking. Goldilocks uses sugar as its prime ingredient which might lead these individuals to avoid its products. Competition is always in the market. B. MERCO Product Merco offers various kinds and flavors pastries and cakes. It also has coolers like halo-halo and shakes. It also patronizes home-cooked Pinoy dishes and short-orders such as French fries and sandwiches. Place Merco already had 35 branches in Davao Region which are mostly take-out counters and a few are for dining particularly in Quirino branch. Its branches located almost everywhere make its products more visible and available to the market. Promotion Merco promotes its products through social media particularly through Facebook and its own company website. It also advertises through large tarpaulins stating their new offers, promotions, and activities. Word of mouth from the customers also promotes Merco products. Price The prices of Merco’s products are affordable to the market. It has a notion of pangmasa. A whole cake is priced at a minimum of P200, cake rolls at P150, coolers at P40, and the Pinoy meals at P50. Strengths Merco already established well its name in the market especially in Davao Region. It has been reputable because of its credibility in serving quality cakes for more than 60 years that are affordable and reasonable. Its branches are located strategically where the public can see its products. Weaknesses Since Merco is in the business for more than 60 years, customers has a thinking that it is already old and want to try new and fresh branded products. It is not appealing to the higher class because it is pangmasa; and it does not have systematic promotions of serving upper class. Most of its branches are take-out counters so some customers are hesitant to buy its products and will instead go to other bakeshops where they can have stay while eating. Merco is not also expanding its product line outside Davao. C. RED RIBBON Product Cakes, rolls, pastries, and meals are the products of Red Ribbon. Cakes and rolls are of different flavor and variants but mostly of chocolate. Pastries consist of different flavors of mamon, different slices of marble cake, varried numbers of polvoron, empanada, and pastillas de leche. Red Ribbon also serves spaghetti, carbonara, and palabok good for parties. Place Red Ribbon has different branches here in Davao, all inside the malls of Abreeza, Victoria Plaza, Gaisano, SM, and NCCC. It has stalls and stores all over the Philippines. People can recognize its products because it is placed in public places. Promotion Red Ribbon advertises its products in the television where everyone can know and interest its products. It has a promotional activity but 9 butter mamon, get 1 free. This kind of promo is also available in ensaymada, yummy cheese roll, marble slices, and other mamon variants. It also offers customization of cakes. Price The price of Red Ribbon is usually expensive and caters upper class market. Strengths Red Ribbon is easy to locate for its many branches. It is very convenient for the customers because they can locate it anywhere. It also offers not only cakes and pastries but also meals such as pasta, spaghetti, and other rice meals. It lets customers customize their choice of cake. Weaknesses Red Ribbon doesn’t have much promotional activities and offers few flavors of cakes. It is likely limited to chocolate cakes. It has rice meals which are good but quite expensive. D. FUDGE FACTORY Product It offers cupcakes, brownies, chocolate bars, and pies. The box, the factory called it the Medley of Fun has 24 different kinds of brownies from dark to white chocolate, plain to frost topping with an assortment of nuts, liqueur, and even durian (what Davao city is known, for). Other than the brownies, it has an assortment of pastries like cheese sticks, trifle, cookies and biscotti. Place Fudge Factory is located at 2nd floor, Abreeza Mall, Davao. Promotion Fudge Factory has online pages in Facebook. It can promote products to large population of people through online. More people are hook in Facebook; thus more people will be able to know its products. There are also bloggers who promote their products as they posted positive comments about Fudge Factory. Furthermore, people can connect with its website for promotions. Price The price of Fudge Factory is affordable and reasonable. Strengths It has 24 varieties of brownies where the customers can have wide range of choices. Its location can cater different types of market or customers which can be its target marjet or potential customers. Products are good for any occasions and best for gift giving. Weaknesses Health conscious people will not likely patronize its products because they contain fat, calories, and sugar. Fudge factory also focuses on pastry sweets which make the customers thirsty and doesn’t offer any drinks. E. MARGIE’S BAKESHOP Product Margie’s Bakeshop offers cakes, pastries, cupcakes and full meals such as steaks and other Filipino dishes. It also offers sweets such as meringues and chocolate truffles. It offers desserts too like dulce de leche and a lot more. Its products are really top quality. Its food is great and it matches their pricing too. But all in all, customers can’t really judge them at price alone because its food is really good and very good to look at. It passed the two requirements of good food: looks good and tastes good. Place Margie’s Bakeshop has lots of branches all over Davao City at Ecoland, Matina, Fairlanes, Torres, Abreeza Mall of Davao, and at Buhangin. The branches are convenient and visible to the customers. Promotion It has online advertising through Facebook. There was a time Margie’s offered a buy 1 take 1 cake promotion. Price Prices are somewhat in the upper class range. Products prices are expensive. Their most affordable cake goes for P320 and it is only good for 2 persons. There are other cakes which cost for P320 – P700 and only good for 2 persons. Their chocolate truffles cost at P13 each. But of course, with price comes the quality of their product. It is really expensive there but it is worth every centavo customers pay for. Strengths Margie’s Bakeshop has different branches in Davao City making more customers able to see its products. The pastries and cakes are really quality products. Weaknesses Its pricing is expensive; thus there are limited customers who will be able to spend their money to buy its products. The promotional activities are not that evident. I. SERVICES AND BENEFITS HEALTH BENEFITS The fruits made of simple sugars like fructose and sucrose that when eaten replenish energy and revitalize the body instantly. It is rich in dietary fiber, which helps to protect the colon mucous membrane by decreasing exposure time and as well as binding to cancer-causing chemicals in the colon. It is a source of antioxidant vitamin-C. It helps the body develop resistance against infectious agents and scavenge harmful free radicals. It contains high levels of essential amino acid, tryptophan which in the body metabolizes into serotonin and melatonin in which theyraises serotonin levels that creates an over-all sense of well-being and aids in depression. Durian provides â€Å"more concentrated healthful energy in food form than any other product the world affords. Its high concentration of raw oleic fats (and vitamin E), sulphur compounds, and soft proteins. It increases energy, endurance, mental clarity, and cellular health, good for muscle building and organ function. It has anti-aging benefits including enhancing the appearance of your skin. Jackfruit is a good source of antioxidant vitamin-C, provides about 13.7 mg or 23% of RDA. It is a good source of potassium, magnesium, manganese, and iron. Potassium is an important component of cell and body fluids that helps controlling heart rate and blood pressure. It contains minerals like manganese which is needed in the body to build bone and connective tissues; Iron prevents anemia while manganese as well as magnesium are essential for bone health; Magnesium is important in the absorption of calcium and work with calcium to help the bones remain strong and prevent bone related disorders. B-Vitamins like riboflavin, vitamin B6, folic acid and niacin; these are essential to maintain good skin and nervous system. Jackfruit lowers blood pressure levels. Jackfruit is a rich source of potassium for the body as it helps keep the body fluids and electrolyte balance in body cells and helps in regulating blood pressure reducing the risk of heart attacks and strokes. It strengthens immune system. Jackfruit is a very good source of vitamin C, a powerful antioxidant that can help prevent colds and infections. Also help in the proper functioning of the immune system by supporting the functions of the white blood cells. It ensures better gastrointestinal health. The high fiber present in the fruit prevents constipation and helps in smooth and regular bowel movements. The fiber also offers protection to the mucous membrane of the colon by driving away the carcinogenic chemicals from the colon. Mangosteen is unique for its appearance and flavor. It is very low in calories (63 calories per 100 g) and contains no saturated fats or cholesterol. It is rich in dietary fiber (100 g provides about 13% of RDA), which can be very important for individuals who are concerned about putting on excess body weight. Mangosteen is good in vitamin C. Vitamin-C is a powerful water soluble anti-oxidant that helps the body develops resistance against flu-like infectious agents. It helps to combat pain (anti-inflammatory property which may decrease inflammation, pain and joint damage linked with arthritis, or pain caused by sports workout and minor injuries) It maintains intestinal health – relieve diarrhea, constipation, stimulate normal bowel health. Mangosteen may decrease blood sugar in Type II diabetes by making insulin more effective, decrease free radical damage and inflammatory build up – help to maintain the blood vessel health, cholesterol level, protect heart muscle, low er high blood pressure. II. MARKETING MIX Product Cupcake Delight’s feature product is Boucake. Boucake is derived from the combination of bouquet and cake. It is in a form of a bouquet but instead of flowers, it uses cupcakes with different fillings. It has different designs that look like a real flower. This cupcake bouquet is not just unique in its form and design, but also in its fillings. It patronizes Davao’s best fruits fillings such as Durian, Mangosteen, and Jackfruit. Boucake offers two types; one which has 6 cupcakes per bouquet and the other has 12 cupcakes. Both could be personalized in terms of designs as for customer’s request. Boucake is best for gift giving celebrations. It is great alternative for flower bouquet which males can present to their significant other during weeksaries, monthsaries, and anniversaries. It can be a gift during Mother’s and Teacher’s Day. Place Cupcake Delight will be situated in a pastry and cake shop inside a mall. Base on the survey, market would want to purchase it in the mall about 50.5% of them and in the pastry and cake shop about 44% of them. Mall is considered since there is less hassle. The physical place is already there unlike finding or renting a lot then build a store or shop. It is more costly. The rental fee in the mall is also settled and fixed. Mall, as a place Boucake, is also advantageous since there are people constantly visiting there. There will be more potential customers and target market can surely be achieved. Cupcake Delight can put on their minds the physical image of the shop or through the permanent placement in the mall. Promotion Boucake will be promoted through online like Facebook, Twitter, and of course Instagram where the netizens can really see the actual image of the Boucake. Flyers must also be distributed to the customers so that they can have contact information and promotions of Boucake and other Cupcake Delight products. Decorations can be based on customer’s wants and on occasions. Discounts on bundled orders will also be used to create loyalty to the customers. Price Boucake with 6 pieces will be priced at P350 while with the 12 pieces will priced at P650. 63.5% and 71% respectively wanted it to be priced at that range. Pricing is cost based. Cupcake Delight pricing strategy will be based on the totality of all the expenses we had in making our product. We considered how we can put a price on our product in a way that we can cover all the expenses in our operation plus our profit. We come up to a price of Php 350.00 for our cupcake bouquet. With this price, 75% will be going to our expenses and the remaining 25% will serve as our income per bouquet.

All About Herland Essay Topics

All About Herland Essay Topics To make your life simpler and give you a topic that has each of the characteristics to qualify as a great topic, we created the idea to make an essay topics generator. Everything is quite easy. Remember your final grade significantly is based on the topic. First thing you ought to do is to think about a few wide topic you want to write about. There are several steps that you should take so as to write a fantastic essay. The next time you've got an assignment, you know that you'll be in a position to create a distinctive essay using Essay Generator FX. Now it doesn't need to be like that. Students want the essay topic generator like they want food. Up in Arms About Herland Essay Topics? In this kind of situation, it's more convenient to locate ready-made essays and use them as an example. With just essay questions and a few keywords it is going to be able to produce written work that's unique, creative and absolutely free of plagiarism, in only a couple of seconds. In the end, you also need to have the ability to talk about either side of the argument to provide a rounded essay. It's important to select debatable argumentative essay topics since you need opposing points you can counter to your own points. It's always really hard to write about something which you don't have any interest in. All you have to do is to make your purchase and pick the writer. As an example, let's say you select the very first topic from our list. In your list of blog titles, search for the 1 question which most aligns with your intended customer. Furthermore, you can capture reader attention with the aid of funny essay topics. If you're not so acquainted with the subject of the assigned essay it's going to be even harder to think of valuable suggestions and thought provoking concepts. So without further ado, below are some effective writing tips to produce your common app essay stick out! You don't need to acquire super technica l with legal argumentative essays, but remember to do your homework on what the present laws about your favorite topic actually say. Vital Pieces of Herland Essay Topics On the flip side, you need something which stands out and makes an effect. Despite the fact that you're just beginning to compose essays, you shouldn't struggle attempting to produce something to discuss. Your strongest point ought to be revealed in the last body paragraph. To get started writing with fluency about something it's vital that you feel attracted to that subject area, it is simpler to discuss something that you like than something about you don't feel interested in. The college essay is among the most significant facets of your college application. The success of a research paper mostly is contingent on the topic, which is why many of time is spent searching for the best research paper topics for college students. If you think about creating titles easy and you don't require any narrative essay prompts college or higher school students want to follow, it's genuinely great. A college essay topic may or might not be freely dependent on the student based on the course and the professor. The essay itself needs to be written in a concise way. It's therefore important to cautiously consider different college essay topics. In open-ended essay assignments, selecting an essay topic gets crucial to the total success of the bit of writing. College application essay topics are a vital portion of an entertaining and compelling bit of writing. Persuasive essay is one of the most tough kinds of essays, yet is it one of the most favorite professor's assignments. Argumentative essay is believed to be one of the most difficult assignments to finish. The thesis is the crux of the entire essay. It summarizes the main idea of the whole essay. Herland Essay Topics Help! Application essays about challenges reveal how you respond to difficulty to individuals who are rather interested in how you'll handle the subsequent four years all on your own. Animals' rights are always a good problem to discuss, particularly with students. For that reason, it must be comprehensive and engaging. Some students prefer doing everything by themselves, but the issue is that a lot of mistakes are overlooked. The option of compare and contrast essay topics isn't a simple task because you must demonstrate your analytical skills. There are many strategies for making a superb title that will emphasize the major idea of the personal narrative essa y topics you're examining. Remember your essay is about solving problems, therefore a solution ought to be a highlight of the essay. Overall, you can observe that writing a persuasive essay isn't a brain surgery.

The Diverse Nature of Psychology Paper - 951 Words

The Diverse Nature of Psychology Paper Sophia Martinez Psychology 490 Capstone Course in Psychology October 5, 2011 Giselle Gourrier, Ph.D. The Diverse Nature of Psychology Paper Psychology is a discipline that has extensive implications for other areas of science while simultaneously maintaining a narrow concern for the derivation of scientific knowledge about human and non-human behavior (Stanovich, 2010). This paper is concerned with the assessment of two sub-disciplines and sub-topics within psychology, theoretical perspective of the sub-disciplines, and the psychological contribution to society on the chosen sub-disciplines and sub- topics. Diversity on major concepts There are 54 subdivisions of psychology within the†¦show more content†¦I/O psychology can be implemented in any type of business within contemporary society. However, Group-think can only be implemented in specific business that emphasizes beliefs and behaviors from the specific organization or group. Group- think is a collectivistic approach however; it can be used in the individualistic societies as well (PsyBlog, 2009). The second concept being assessed is the Humanistic theory. Humanistic theory can be applied to other disciplines like sociology if an individual wants to enhance the understanding on how an individual behaves in the larger realm of society. Everyone deals with his or her own internal struggles that can ultimately affect other individuals around him or her. This view argues that an individual is free to choose his or her own behavior, rather than reacting to environmental stimuli or reinforce. In order to have a positive self concept an individual has a certain needs that must be met. These needs are basic needs, Safety, love and belong, achievement, and Self- Actualization Theoretical Perspective Going back to Individualism and Collectivism the collectivistic prospective is much more understanding with group think and less accepting of Self- Actualization. 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